152-mm howitzer model 1943 - Soviet howitzer from the Second World War 年的 毫米榴弹炮型号 - 第二次世界大战中的苏联榴弹炮

The 152-mm howitzer of the 1943 model (D-1, GAU index - 52-G-536A) is a Soviet howitzer of the Second World War. This gun was mass-produced from 1943 to 1949, was or is still in service with the armies of many countries of the world, was used in almost all significant wars and armed conflicts of the middle and late XX century. The adoption in 1943 of the mobile and powerful D-1 howitzer increased the capabilities of the tank and motorized units of the Workers ’and Peasants’ Red Army (RKKA) to break through in advance and well-fortified defensive zones and areas of the enemy. At the end of 1942, the design bureau of the famous Soviet designer F.F. 1938 (M-10) on the carriage of a 122 mm howitzer mod. 1938 (М-30). To mitigate the recoil on the gun carriage, which is less massive than the M-10 howitzer, it had to be equipped with a two-chamber muzzle brake. This approach made it possible to create a light but powerful howitzer using components already mastered in production, which was important in wartime conditions. At the beginning of 1943, FF Petrov informed the People’s Commissar of Armaments DF Ustinov about the new project. On April 13, 1943, DF Ustinov informed FF Petrov about the decision of the State Defense Committee (GKO) to supply 5 copies of the new howitzer by May 1, 1943 for field tests. On May 5, two howitzers entered trials, which were completed two days later. On May 7, based on the test results, a report was signed in which the gun, after eliminating a number of minor flaws, was recommended for adoption. By the GKO decree of August 8, 1943, the gun was put into service under the official name 152-mm howitzer mod. 1943 “. Serial production began in a month and a half. Serial production of D-1 howitzers began at the end of 1943. Their production was carried out exclusively at plant number 9 and lasted until 1949. However, during the war, this gun did not go into a large series due to the extreme workload of plant No. 9 with the release of the M-30 122 mm howitzer. A negative consequence of this circumstance for the Red Army was the shortage of powerful 152-mm howitzers in the corps artillery [2]. The D-1 howitzer was a very perfect weapon for its time. The barrel of the gun, almost identical to the barrel of the M-10 howitzer, was equipped with a DT-3 dual-chamber muzzle brake. The main design features of the barrel group of the D-1 howitzer include a variable recoil length, a piston-type shutter, a hydraulic recoil brake and a hydropneumatic knurler. Separate cartridge case loading, in total, 8 different propelling charges were provided for the gun. The gun carriage is almost identical to that of the M-30 howitzer. The beds on the guns of the first series were riveted, then they began to be made welded. The guns of the later series were additionally equipped with manual rollers. All D-1 howitzers were equipped with steel wheels with rubber pneumatic tires, wheel travel was supplied with suspension. The gun did not have a front end; transportation was carried out exclusively by mechanical traction. The permissible speed of transporting the gun on asphalt or a flat dirt road was up to 40 km / h, on a cobblestone pavement - up to 30 km / h, and off-road - up to 10 km / h. To protect the crew from bullets and small fragments, the D-1 howitzer had a shield cover. D-1 howitzers were actively used at the final stage of the war, in 1944-1945. The gun was used for firing from closed positions at entrenched and openly located enemy manpower, its fortifications and barriers, for counter-battery combat and the destruction of important objects in the enemy’s near rear. To defeat tanks and self-propelled guns of the enemy in self-defense, a concrete-piercing projectile was successfully used. The D-1 gunners have earned a reputation as a reliable and accurate gun when firing. The D-1 howitzer was sold or transferred to a large number of countries around the world. It is still in service with the armies of some CIS countries, as well as the armed forces of China, Afghanistan, Iraq, Hungary, Mozambique, Syria, Vietnam, Cuba, Albania and a number of other states. Even more widespread was the spread of this howitzer in the recent past, when it was in service with the member states of the Warsaw Pact, for example, Poland. The weapon was used in hostilities in the Arab-Israeli wars, as well as in conflicts on the territory of the former USSR. 1943 型号的 152-mm 榴弹炮（D-1，GAU 指数 - 52-G-536A）是第二次世界大战的苏联榴弹炮。这把枪从 1943 年到 1949 年大量生产，曾经或仍在为世界许多国家的军队服役，几乎在 20 世纪中后期的所有重大战争和武装冲突中都有使用。 1943 年采用机动且威力强大的 D-1 榴弹炮，提高了工农红军 (RKKA) 的坦克和摩托化部队提前突破敌军防御工事区和地区的能力. 1942年底，苏联著名设计师F.F. 1938 年（M-10）在 122 毫米榴弹炮模组的支架上。 1938 (М-30)。为了减轻比 M-10 榴弹炮轻的炮架上的后坐力，它必须配备一个两室的枪口制动器。这种方法可以使用已经在生产中掌握的组件来制造轻型但强大的榴弹炮，这在战时条件下很重要。 1943 年初，FF 彼得罗夫将新项目通知了武装人民委员 DF 乌斯蒂诺夫。 1943 年 4 月 13 日，DF 乌斯蒂诺夫通知 FF 彼得罗夫国家国防委员会（GKO）决定在 1943 年 5 月 1 日之前提供 5 辆新榴弹炮用于现场测试。 5 月 5 日，两门榴弹炮进入试验阶段，两天后完成。 5月7日，根据测试结果，签署了一份报告，该枪在消除了一些小缺陷后，被推荐采用。根据 1943 年 8 月 8 日