This is a rough guide, as these terms change in meaning depending on the country. I have based this list on the British Army, unless stated otherwise. 🇬🇧
Rank - звание
Soldiers (in the navy - Ratings) - рядовые
Private - рядовой
Seaman - матрос
Rifleman - стрелок
NCOs (Non-commissioned officers) - унтер-офицеры
Corporal - капрал
Sergeant - сержант
Staff Sergeant - штаб-сержант
Sargent Major - сержант-майор
Officers - офицеры
(Second) Lieutenant - (младший) лейтенант
Captain - капитан
Major - майор
(Lieutenant) Colonel - (под)полковник
Brigadier - бригадир
General - генерал
Conscription - воинская повинность
Conscript - призывник
Draft - призыв / призвать
Draft dodger - “уклонист“
Recruitment office - военкомат
Go AWOL (absent without leave) - идти в самоволку
Section (a unit of around 8 men) - отделение
Platoon (3 sections) - взвод
Company (3 platoons) - рота
Battalion (3 companies)- батальон
Brigade (3 battalions) - бригада
Division (2 or more brigades) - дивизия
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The Korean People’s Army Band Vol. 10 || 조선인민군군악단 제10집