Preparation of Imidazoles, Part 2: Benzimidazoles

This video is about the properties and uses of benzimidazoles, and about their preparation. Starting materials include anilines, 2-nitroanilines, 1,2-diaminobenzenes, and 2-haloanilines. Further examples (patents are available at ): J. Org. Chem. 2024, 89, 5469-5479; ACS ES&T Water 2024, 4, 2689-2701 (nitration); Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2023, 27, 2165-2173; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 2745-2749 (nitration); ACS Sust. Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 14056-14067; J. Org. Chem. 2023, 88, 16845-16853; 9046-9055; 4101-4111 (NIS); 2884-2897 (photochemistry); 1928-1935 (electrochemical); 2022, 87, 14738-14752; 7838-7851; ACS Omega 2022, 7, 45678-45687; J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 14597-14607; RSC Adv. 2020, 10, 13717-13721; ACS Combinatorial Sci. 2020, 22, 1-5; J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 11531-11540; Org. Lett. 2020, 22, 8250-8255 (alkylation); 6382-6387; J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 9811-9818; 104-119 (2-nitroanilines); 2018, 83, 9553-9560; 2017, 82, 3152-3158; RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 32559-32563 (acylation); ACS Comb. Sci. 2017, 19, 271-275; Org. Biomol. Chem. 2016, 14, 8685-8690 (acylation); Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2015, 19, 1119-1127 (lithiation, alkylation); 2014, 18, 1427-1433 (flow); Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 920-923; J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 3821-3829; 2013, 78, 4158-4164; Synthesis 2013, 45, 2983-2988 (InCl3); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 118-121; Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6210-6213 (benzannulation); 2274-2277 (benzannulation); Med. Chem. Comm. 2011, 2, 385-389 (acylation); Synlett 2011, 1097-1100 (acylation); Org. Proc. Res. Dev. 2010, 14, 142-151 (benzannulation); Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4576-4579; J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5742-5745; 2008, 73, 7841-7844; 2006, 71, 260-264; 2002, 67, 1708-1711; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1993, 41, 301-309 (POCl3); Chem. Rev. 1951, 48, 397-541 (review); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2459-2461 (BrCN).