Tensho, Hakucho, Papuren

Tensho (Revolving Hands) is a “soft internal“ kata created by Chojun Miyagi. Hakucho (White or 100 Birds) is a formulation of White Crane Techniques taught by Gokenki. Papuren (8 Steps at a Time) is also a white Crane form, and may be a root of Tensho. In the Takeshin karate interpretation, all three contain subtle off-balancing techniques akin to Chinese internal arts and to Japanese Aiki.