La Reine Margot (1994 film): St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre [HD]
The St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de’ Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place a few days after the wedding day (18 August) of the king’s sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France). Many of the most wealthy and prominent Huguenots had gathered in largely Catholic Paris to attend the wedding.
The massacre began in the night of 23–24 August 1572 (the eve of the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle), two days after the attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny, the military and political leader of the Huguenots. The king ordered the killing of a group of Huguenot leaders, including Coligny, and the slaughter spread throughout Paris. Lasting several weeks, the massacre expanded outward to other urban centres and the countryside. Modern estimates for the number of dead across France vary widely, from 5,000 to 30,000.
The massacre also marked a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenot political movement was crippled by the loss of many of its prominent aristocratic leaders, as well as many re-conversions by the rank and file. Those who remained were increasingly radicalized. Though by no means unique, it “was the worst of the century’s religious massacres“. Throughout Europe, it “printed on Protestant minds the indelible conviction that Catholicism was a bloody and treacherous religion“.
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Le massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy est le massacre de protestants déclenché à Paris, le 24 août 1572, jour de la saint Barthélemy, prolongé pendant plusieurs jours dans la capitale, puis étendu à plus d’une vingtaine de villes de province durant les semaines suivantes.
Cet événement des guerres de Religion résulte d’un enchevêtrement complexe de facteurs, aussi bien religieux et politiques que sociaux. Il est la conséquence des déchirements militaires et civils de la noblesse française entre catholiques et protestants, notamment de la vendetta entre la Maison de Guise et le clan des Châtillon-Montmorency. Aggravé par la sévère réaction parisienne, ultra-catholique et hostile à la politique royale d’apaisement, il reflète également les tensions internationales entre les royaumes de France et d’Espagne, avivées par l’insurrection aux Pays-Bas.
Faute de sources, les historiens sont longtemps restés partagés sur le rôle exact de la couronne, et la tradition historiographique a fait du roi Charles IX et de sa mère, Catherine de Médicis, les principaux responsables du massacre. Ils retiennent aujourd’hui que seuls les chefs militaires du clan protestant étaient visés par l’ordre royal. Dès le matin du 24 août, Charles IX ordonne l’arrêt immédiat des tueries mais, dépassé par la fureur du peuple, il ne peut les empêcher.
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성 바르톨로매오 축일 학살(프랑스어: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy)은 기독교의 역사상 1572년 8월 24일(성 바르톨로메오의 축일) 부터 10월까지 있었던 로마 가톨릭교회 추종자에 의한 개신교 신도들을 학살한 사건을 가리킨다. 샤를 9세 때 어머니인 메디치 가의 카타리나가 아들을 위하여 후견 정치를 하고 있었고, 프로테스탄트들의 지도자인 나바라의 앙리와 샤를 9세의 누이와의 결혼으로 화해의 길이 바야흐로 열리려고 하였다. 그런데 카타리나와 기즈 가의 사람들은 1572년 8월 23-24일 바르톨로메오 축일 밤에 참석한 위그노파들을 살해하는 무서운 계획을 시도하기 위하여 이 기회를 이용하였다. 특히 콜리니도 희생으로 쓰러진 이 “파리의 유혈 결혼식”에 이어, 지방에서 위그노파에 대한 대량 학살이 잇달았다. 희생자의 수는 약 3만명에서 7만명으로 추산되고 있다. 그 사건은 세계 역사상 가장 무서운 범죄 중 하나로 낙인찍을 수밖에 없었다. 그러나 그때 정치적인 동기가 교회적인 동기를 능가하였다.
이 소식은 곧 유럽으로 전파되었다. 신실한 가톨릭교도였던 당시 신성 로마 제국의 황제 막시밀리안 2세까지도 이 소식을 듣고 공포를 금치 못했다고 한다. 영국은 엘리자베스 여왕이 상복을 입고 이들의 죽음을 애도하였다고 한다. 제네바에서는 이 비통한 소식을 듣고 금식을 선포하였다.
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