The Importance of Philosophical and Spiritual Research in Contemporary Society

------------ An Excess of Materialism and Scientism In the modern era, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, society has increasingly embraced materialism and scientism. Materialism posits that physical matter is the only reality, leading individuals to prioritize tangible assets and wealth accumulation over intangible values such as wisdom, compassion, and spiritual growth. Scientism extends this perspective by asserting that empirical science is the ultimate path to knowledge, often dismissing philosophical inquiry and spiritual experiences as irrelevant or unscientific. This cultural shift has resulted in a worldview where success is predominantly measured by financial prosperity and material possessions, overshadowing deeper existential questions about purpose, meaning, and the nature of human existence. Having Rather Than Being The consequences of this materialistic mindset are profound. Individuals often find themselves trapped in a cycle of consumption—constantly seeking satisfaction through external means while neglecting their inner lives. The relentless pursuit of work, money, and status can lead to feelings of emptiness and disconnection from oneself and others. As philosopher Erich Fromm noted in “To Have or To Be?”, modern society’s focus on having rather than being fosters alienation and dissatisfaction.T he Human Need for Higher Meaning Human beings possess an innate drive to seek meaning beyond mere survival or material gain. This quest for meaning is deeply rooted in our consciousness; it reflects our capacity for self-awareness and introspection. Ancient philosophical traditions ()  have long recognized this need. For instance, Aristotle emphasized the concept of eudaimonia—often translated as “flourishing” or “the good life”—which encompasses not just happiness but also virtue, purpose, and fulfillment. Uncertainty and Dissatisfaction are Part of Life Moreover, existential philosophers like Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche explored the importance of individual meaning-making in a world that can seem chaotic or indifferent. They argued that confronting life’s inherent uncertainties allows individuals to forge their own paths toward authenticity. When people focus solely on external achievements without addressing these higher existential needs, they may experience a profound sense of dissatisfaction—a phenomenon supported by psychological theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Surviving is not the Only Purpose Maslow proposed that once basic physiological (food, shelter) and safety needs are met, individuals seek higher-level needs such as love/belonging, esteem, and ultimately self-actualization—the realization of one’s potential. Without engaging with these higher needs through philosophical inquiry or spiritual practice, many may feel an existential void that cannot be filled by material possessions alone.