Sex Determination from Skeletal Remains
Overview
Informative features are based on biological differences between sexes and races
Males are generally taller and more robust
Pelvis is the best bone to inspect due to differences of adaptations to childbirth
Using The Pelvis
Male Pelvic Bone
Bones heavier, thicker.
Pelvic cavity is narrow and deep.
Pelvic inlet heart-shaped and smaller.
Pubic arch angle acuter.
Coccyx (tail bone) less flexible, more curved.
Sacrum is long and narrow
Female Pelvic Bone
Bone is lighter, thinner.
Pelvic cavity is wide and shallow.
Pelvic inlet round and oval.
Pubic arch angle large.
Coccyx (tail bone) more flexible, straighter.
Sacrum is shorter, wider, and curved more posteriorly
Long Bones Can Be Used
Normally, the long bones alone are not used alone to estimate gender.
However, if these bones are the only ones present, there are characteristics that can be used for sex determination.
Using Humerus
Measuring the Humerus there will be certain characteristics to look for.
Transverse and Vertical diameter of the head
Width between Epicondyles
Total Length of the Humerus
Characteristics of Male and Female Humerus
Using Femur
The femur is the strongest and longest bones in the human skeleton.
Male femurs are stronger and longer than female femurs.
Diameter of the head of male femurs is greater than the female femurs.
Link to Lecture Slides:
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