Chromosome number and ploidy mutations

Cause of polyploidy: It occurs in nature due to failure of chromosome to separate at the time of anaphase either due to non disjunction or due to non formation of spindle. Advantages of Polyploidy: 1)Polyploidy is often associated with advantageous features such as increased size,hardness and is called hybrid vigour. 2)Polyploidy is one of the source of Variation and help in evolution of new Varieties. 3)Seedless variety of watermelon,tomatoes,grapes etx have been produced by triploids. 4)Desease resistant and high yielding species of crop plants such as hybrid wheat,hybrid paddy are produced by allopolyploidy. 5)Polyploid plants have more morphological genetical and physiological advancement over a normal diploid plant. 6)Polyploid plant often faces the ecological hazards more boldly. Genomatic mutation or Ploid: Mutation caused by the change in the number of chromosome is called Ploidy or Genomatic is of following type: ANEUPLOIDY: The addition or loss of one or more chromosome from the complete set is called the total number of chromosome is not an exact multiple of the haploid number(n). Eg(2n 1) Trisomy or (2n-1)monosomy TYPES OF ANEUPLOIDY: 1)Hypoploidy: Loss of chromosome for complete is of following types: i)Monosomics: Loss of one chromosome from complete set is called is represented as 2n-1. ii)Nullisomic: Loss of single pair of chromosoms from a pair of complete set is called is represented by 2n-2. 2)Hyperploidy: Addition of chromosome in complete is of following type: i)Trisomic: Addition of one chromosome is called is represented as 2n 1. ii)Tetrasomic: Additon of a pair of chromosome is called is represented as 2n 2. B)EUPLOIDY: It include addition or loss of complete one set or more than one set of chromosome in diploid total number of chromosome is exact multiple of halploid are of following type: a)Monoploidy: It involves loss of one set of chromosome from a diploid set resulting offspring having only one set of chromosome. Eg:Male wasp,bee b)Polyploidy: Addition of one or more sets of chromosome is called with more than two sets of chromosomes is called polyploidy. Types of Polyploidy: i)Autopolyploidy: Autopolyploidy are those polyploids which are derived from the multiplication of the same basic set of is formed due to replication of chromosomes during interphase and separation of chromatids during anaphase but fails to cytoplasmic cleave during are more fertile,vigour and large sized. If a diploid species has two sets of chromosomes (AA) an autoploid willl have four similaf genome(AAAA) Eg:Plum,Strawberry,grapes ii)Alloploidy: The polyploidy formed due to doubling of chromosomes number in a F1 hybrid which is derived from two distinct species is called alloploidy. #cytokinesis #Cancer #nonDisjunction #Chromosome #Haploid #Anaphase #Autopolyploidy #genome #alloploidy #23andme #GeneticsLecture #Hyperploidy #Iherb #Hypoploidy #GeneticTesting #Monoploidy #paternityTest #Aneuploidy #polyploidy #NikolaysGeneticsLessons #formsOfAneuploidy #classificationOfAneuploidy #typesOfAneuploidy #trisomy #Trisomy21 #Trisomy18 #Trisomy13 #nullisomyVsMonosomy #2n1 #turner39sSyndrome #klinefelterSyndrome #tetrasomyDisorders